40 Areas / Infrastructure 20
Infrastructure

Utilities

139Titles in the inventory
33From problem folders
2From solution folders

Detailed overview of the entire domain — including all subdivisions
Problems / Solutions

The tap and the socket

The franchise on the last mile, the valve that still turns, the pipe a child drinks through. The watt as fuel is on the Energy pages. The class in the glass is on the Environment pages. The sewage is on the Sanitation pages. The three-day jug is on the Emergency pages. The envelope is on the Buildings pages.

Problem
The monopoly meter

APPA: about 66 percent of electric customers sit on an investor-owned line. Fifteen percent public. Thirteen percent cooperative.

Solution
A public or cooperative utility

The meter that answers to the town. A last mile that is not a stock.

Problem
The shutoff

EIA 2024: 13.4 million electric disconnections. EPA: 12.1 to 19.2 million households without affordable water.

Solution
A right to the tap and the meter

Keep them on. A late bill is not a reason to darken a house in the heat.

Problem
Lead in the service line

EPA 2023: 9.2 million lead lines. November 2025: about 4 million named — and tens of millions still unknown.

Solution
Replace the pipe

Name the line. Pull the lead. A filter is a waiting room.

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